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Moshe Safdie (; born July 14, 1938) is an Israeli - Canadian - American architect, , educator, , and author. He is well known for incorporating principles of socially responsible design throughout his six-decade career. His projects include cultural, educational, and civic institutions such as neighbourhoods and public parks, housing, mixed-use urban centers, and airports. He also had master plans for existing communities and entirely new cities in the , the , and . Safdie is most identified with designing Marina Bay Sands and Jewel Changi Airport both in Singapore, as well as his debut project Habitat 67, in , which was originally conceived as his thesis at McGill University. He holds legal citizenship in Israel, Canada, and the United States.


Early life and education
Safdie was born in the city of , Mandatory Palestine, to a family of . His father was from , and his mother, whose family had its origins in Aleppo, was from .
(1970). 9780262690362, The M.I.T. Press.
(2022). 9781611858730, Grove Press UK. .
He was nine years old and living in Haifa when the Israeli Declaration of Independence was issued by . After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he lived on a
(1996). 9780773515109, McGill-Queen's University Press.
where he tended goats and . In 1953, the Israeli government restricted imports in response to an economic and currency crisis, severely affecting Safdie's father's textile business.
(2025). 9788865140192, Edizioni Kappa.
Consequently, when Safdie was 15, his family emigrated from Israel to Canada and settled in , where he attended Westmount High School.
(1996). 9780773515109, McGill-Queen's University Press.

In September 1955, Safdie registered for the six-year architectural degree program at the McGill University Faculty of Engineering. In his fifth year, Safdie was named University Scholar. The following summer, he was awarded the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) scholarship. He traveled across to observe housing developments in the continent's major cities. In his final year, Safdie developed his thesis, entitled "A Case for City Living", and described as "A Three-Dimensional Modular Building System". He received his degree in 1961. Two years later, while apprenticing with architect , Safdie's thesis advisor Sandy van Ginkel invited Safdie to submit his modular project for the World Exposition of 1967. In preparation for the exposition his thesis was developed into a complete master plan, eventually being constructed in Montreal. Named after the event that turned an idea into reality, the building is known as Habitat 67.

(1996). 9780773515109, McGill-Queen's University Press.


Career
In 1964, Safdie established Safdie Architects in to undertake work on Habitat 67, an adaptation of his thesis at McGill University. Habitat 67 was selected by Canada as a central feature of Expo 67. The project launched the design and implementation of three-dimensional, units for living. Safdie designed the complex as a neighborhood with open spaces, garden terraces, and many other amenities typically reserved for the single-family home and adapted to a high-density urban environment.
(1974). 9780262191081, The M.I.T. Press.

In 1970, Safdie established a branch office of his practice in . During this period, Safdie combined his interests in social activism and advanced technologies with respect for historical and regional context.

(2025). 9781785510281, Scala Arts Publishers, Inc..
He worked on the restoration of the Old City and the construction of , linking old and new cities. Other significant works in Israel include the New City of Modi’in, the Holocaust History Museum, Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies, Ben Gurion International Airport, National Campus for the Archeology of Israel, multiple projects for Hebrew Union College, and others. During this period, Safdie also worked with leaders in and . Safdie was consulted on integrated geometry during the development of the tank by General .
(1999). 9780262526456, MIT Press.

Later, Safdie received commissions for public buildings in Canada: the National Gallery of Canada, the Quebec Museum of Civilization, and Vancouver Library Square. Other notable cultural works include the , the national museum of the people in Punjab, India; the United States Institute of Peace Headquarters on the Mall in Washington, DC; the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City, Missouri; and the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.

Safdie has worked on projects in , and brought projects to completion in shorter periods, at larger scales. including: Marina Bay Sands, a mixed-use resort integrated with Singapore's iconic Skypark; Jewel Changi Airport, a new community-centric airport typology combining marketplace and garden; and Raffles City Chongqing, a mixed-use development featuring over one million square meters of housing, office, retail, transportation, and hotel programs. To connect four towers in , he designed a sky bridge that has been referred to as the world's longest "Horizontal Skyscraper". Safdie and his team have used sky bridges and multi-level connectivity in other projects to make skyscrapers more accessible.


Practice
Today, Safdie Architects is headquartered in Somerville, Massachusetts, near Harvard University, with additional offices in , Toronto, Shanghai, and Singapore. The business is organized as a partnership.

Safdie formed a research program within his office to pursue the advanced investigation of design topics. The practice-oriented explores speculative ideas outside normal business practice constraints. Fellows work independently with Safdie and firm principals to formulate specific proposals and research plans. The salaried position is in-residence, with full access to project teams and outside consultants. Past fellowships include Habitat of the Future, Mobility on Demand, and Tall Buildings in the city.

In December 2023, Safdie Architects announced it was suspending its involvement in controversial hotel development in Jerusalem's Armenian quarter, citing "controversy surrounding the land lease agreement".Safdie Architects respond to participation in the Armenian Quarter land lease deal [1] This followed an attack by some 30 armed masked individuals on Armenian community members holding a vigil at the site. The Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem accused Danny Rothman, Safdie Architects' client for the project, of organizing the attack.Jerusalem's Armenian community attacked by a mob amid land dispute, Civilnet report [2]


Academia
In 1978, after teaching at McGill, Ben Gurion, and universities, Safdie was appointed Director of the Program at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design (GSD) and moved to , Massachusetts. He served as Director until 1984. From 1984 to 1989, he was the Ian Woodner Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at Harvard.
(2025). 9781864705591, The Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd.
Safdie continues to work closely with the GSD, frequently teaching design studio; Notably, Rethinking the Humanist High-Rise (2019) and Rethinking Hudson Yards (2017).


Personal life
In 1959, Safdie married Nina Nusynowicz, a Polish-Israeli survivor. Safdie and Nusynowicz have two children, a daughter and a son. Both were born during the inception and erection of Habitat 67. Just before its opening, Safdie and his young family moved into the development. Safdie and Nusynowicz divorced in 1981. His daughter Taal is an architect in San Diego, a partner of the firm Safdie Rabines Architects; His son is a playwright who has written several plays about architecture. Safdie's great-nephews are independent filmmakers, .

In 1981, Safdie married Michal Ronnen, a Jerusalem-born photographer and daughter of artist Vera Ronnen. Safdie and Ronnen have two daughters, Carmelle and Yasmin. Carmelle is an artist, and Yasmin is a social worker.


Recognition
  • 2020: Genius Award, Liberty Science Center`
  • 2020: Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)
  • 2019: Honorary Doctorate, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
  • 2019: in Architecture, International
  • 2018: Lifetime Achievement Award, Design Futures Council
  • 2018: Shortlisted for the European Cultural Centre Architecture Award
  • 2017: Honorary Doctorate, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
  • 2015: Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects
  • 2012: Medaille du Merite, Ordre des architectes du Québec
  • 2005: Companion Order of Canada, Governor General-in-Council of Canada
  • 2003: Lifetime Achievement Award, Institute for Jewish Research
  • 2002: Honorary Fellow, Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland
  • 2001: Honorary Doctorate,
  • 1997: Jewish Cultural Achievement Award in the Visual Arts, National Foundation for Jewish Culture
  • 1996: Honorary Doctorate in Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia
  • 1996: Academy Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • 1995: Gold Medal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
  • 1995: College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects
  • 1993: Award for Professional Excellence, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
  • 1989: Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts, University of Victoria
  • 1988: Honorary Doctorate in Sciences,
  • 1987: Mt. Scopus Award for Humanitarianism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  • 1986: The Order of Canada, Governor General-in-Council of Canada
  • 1982: Honorary Doctor of Law, McGill University
  • 1982: Tau Sigma Delta Gold Medal for Distinction in Design, Tau Sigma Delta Grand Chapter
  • 1961: Lieutenant Governor's gold medal for Exceptional Merit, Lieutenant Governor of Québec


Exhibitions
  • 2017: Habitat 67 vers l’avenir: The Shape of Things to Come, Université du Québec à Montréal
  • 2010–2014: Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada / Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California / Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.
  • 2012–2013: Moshe Safdie: The Path to Crystal Bridges, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.
  • 2004: An Architect's Vision: Moshe Safdie’s Jepson Center for the Arts, Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
  • 2003–2004: Building a New Museum, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 1998: Moshe Safdie, Museum Architecture 1971–1998, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 1989: Moshe Safdie, Projects: 1979–1989, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 1985: The National Gallery of Canada, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. / National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 1982: Context, Traveling exhibit sponsored by New York Institute for the Humanities
  • 1973–1974: For Everyone A Garden, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. / National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada / San Francisco MoMA, San Francisco, California, U.S.


Films
  • 2020: "Moshe Safdie: Another Dimension of Architecture", I-Talk Productions
  • 2018: "Time Space Existence", Plane-Site
  • 2004: "Moshe Safdie: The Power of Architecture",
  • 2003: ": A Son’s Journey",
  • 1997: "The Sound of the Carceri with ",
  • 1973: "The Innocent Door" / "Coldspring New Town", National Film Board of Canada


Archives
The Moshe Safdie Archive, donated to McGill University by the architect in 1990, is one of the most extensive individual collections of architectural documentation in Canada. Comprising material from 235 projects, the Moshe Safdie Archive records the progression of Safdie's career from his first unpublished university papers to Safdie Architects' current projects. The collection includes over 140,000 drawings, over 200 architectural models, extensive project files, audiovisual and digital material, as well as over 100,000 project photos and travel slides, 215 personal sketchbooks, and 2,250 large sketches. Administered by the McGill University Library, a list of physical holdings are available to researchers.


Select projects
  • 1967: Habitat 67 at Expo 67 World's Fair, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 1987: Musée de la Civilisation, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
  • 1988: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 1989: New City of Modi'in, Israel
  • 1989: Esplanade Condominiums, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 1991: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 1992: The Class of 1959 Chapel, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 1994: John G. Diefenbaker Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 1994: Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 1995: Yad Vashem Children's and Deportees Memorials, Jerusalem
  • 1995: Vancouver Library Square, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 1998: David Citadel Hotel and , Jerusalem
  • 1998: Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem
  • 1999: Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies and Rabin Tomb, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 2000: Exploration Place Science Museum, Wichita, Kansas, U.Sm
  • 2003: Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S. 12
  • 2003: Salt Lake City Public Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
  • 2003: Cairnhill Road Condominiums, Singapore
  • 2003: Eleanor Roosevelt College, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.
  • 2004: Airside Building of Terminal 3, Ben Gurion International Airport, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 2005: Holocaust History Museum, Jerusalem
  • 2006: Jepson Center for the Arts at Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
  • 2007: Terminal 1, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 2008: United States Federal Courthouse, District of Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
  • 2008: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Headquarters, Washington, D.C., U.S.
  • 2009: Center, Jerusalem
  • 2009: Hotel, Jerusalem
  • 2010: Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort, Singapore
  • 2010: ArtScience Museum, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
  • 2011: United States Institute of Peace Headquarters, Washington, D.C., U.S.
  • 2011: Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
  • 2011: Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.
  • 2011: , Anandpur Sahib, Punjab, India
  • 2013: Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
  • 2012: , Singapore
  • 2017: Eling Residences, , PRC
  • 2017: Habitat Qinhuangdao, , PRC
  • 2019: National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel, Jerusalem
  • 2019: Monde Residential Development, , Ontario, Canada
  • 2019: Jewel Changi Airport, Singapore
  • 2020: Raffles City Chongqing, Chongqing, PRC
  • 2021: Serena del Mar, Cartagena, Colombia
  • 2021: Altair, Colombo, Sri Lanka


Works
  • With Intention to Build: The Unrealized Concepts, Ideas, and Dreams of Moshe Safdie. Ed. Michael Crosbie. Melbourne, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2020.
  • "The Story of Israeli Architecture in Singapore" in Beating the Odds Together: 50 Years of Singapore-Israel Ties. Ed. Mattia Tomba. Singapore: , 2019 .
  • Megascale, Order & Complexity. Ed. Michael Jemtrud. Montreal: McGill University School of Architecture, 2009.
  • The City After the Automobile: An Architect's Vision. With Wendy Kohn. New York: Basic Books; Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co., 1997.
  • The Language and Medium of Architecture (lecture at Harvard University Graduate School of Design delivered November 15, 1989)
  • Jerusalem: The Future of the Past. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
  • Beyond Habitat by 20 Years. Ed. John Kettle. Montreal and Plattsburgh, NY: Tundra Books, 1987.
  • The Harvard Jerusalem Studio: Urban Designs for the Holy City]. Asst. eds. Rudy Barton and Uri Shetrit. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1985.
  • Form & Purpose. Ed. John Kettle. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982.
  • Habitat Bill of Rights With , George Candilis, Balkrishna V. Doshi, and Josep Lluís Sert. Imperial Government of Iran Ministry of Housing, 1976.
  • For Everyone A Garden. Ed. Judith Wolin. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1974.
  • Beyond Habitat. Ed. John Kettle. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1970.
  • Habitat. Montreal: Tundra Books, 1967.


Works about Safdie
  • Jewel Changi Airport. Melbourne, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2020.
  • Safdie. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2014.
  • Reaching for the Sky: The Marina Bay Sands Singapore. Singapore: ORO Editions, 2013.
  • Peace Building: The Mission, Work, and Architecture of the United States Institute of Peace. Dalton, MA: The Studley Press, 2011.
  • Valentin, Nilda, ed. Moshe Safdie. Rome: Edizione Kappa, 2010.
  • Moshe Safdie I. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2009.
  • Moshe Safdie II. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2009.
  • Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie. New York:Scala Publishers, Ltd., 2007.
  • Yad Vashem: Moshe Safdie – The Architecture of Memory. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Müller Publishers, 2006.
  • Moshe Safdie, Museum Architecture 1971–1988. Tel Aviv: Genia Schreiber University Art Gallery, Tel Aviv University, 1998.
  • Kohn, Wendy, ed. Moshe Safdie. London: Academy Editions, 1996.
  • Moshe Safdie: Buildings and Projects, 1967–1992. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1996.
  • Rybczynski, Witold. A Place for Art: The Architecture of the National Gallery of Canada. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1993.
  • Montreal Museum of Fine Arts: Jean-Noël Desmarais Pavilion. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Arts, 1991.


Gallery
File:Habitat-67 side view with holes visible in the structure.jpg|Habitat 67 (view showing blue sky through voids in the structure) File:Kauffman Center for Performing Arts 2.jpg|Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts, Kansas City, Missouri File:1959chapelexterior.JPG|The Class of 1959 Chapel, Boston, Massachusetts File:Peabody Essex Museum.JPG|Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts File:Rabin Center TA 09.JPG|Yitzhak Rabin Center, Tel Aviv File:Musee de la Civilisation.JPG|Musée de la Civilisation, Quebec City File:OttawaOldCityHall.JPG|Ottawa City Hall, Ottawa File:Blue Crystal tower.jpg|National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa File:Salt Lake City Public Library -IMG 1756.JPG|Salt Lake City Public Library, Utah File:Vancouver Library Square July 2004.jpg|Vancouver Library Square, Vancouver, British Columbia File:Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art--2012-04-12.jpg|Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas File:Marina Bay Sands and marine area.jpg|Marina Bay Sands, Singapore File:ArtScience Museum, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore.jpg|ArtScience Museum, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore File:Skirball Architecture.jpg|Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California File:United States Institute of Peace.jpg|United States Institute of Peace Headquarters, Washington, D.C. File:Khalsa Heritage Memorial 176 Edit.jpg|Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex, Anandpur Sahib, India File:Museum of Fine Arts, main entrance, Montreal.jpg|Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal


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